With flu season upon us, we asked Dr Jemma Geoghegan from the Department of Biological Sciences to answer some common questions about the virus, including how to avoid it.

Why was last year’s flu season so bad?
Seasonal flu epidemics are usually caused by a mix of different flu viruses. Last year, the mix involved predominantly influenza A/H3N2 and influenza B. H3N2 viruses are typically more severe and cause more hospitalisations and deaths. As well, last year’s vaccine wasn’t as effective as hoped. Flu viruses mutate very quickly as they adapt to escape our immune systems. The flu virus seemed to have changed, unavoidably, during vaccine production.

Can I get the flu from holding one of the poles on a busy bus or train?
There is more evidence that flu viruses are spread mainly by aerosol droplets (through sneezing and coughing). In general, very little is known about how long viruses can survive on environmental surfaces without a host. Of the few studies on this topic, it has been suggested that influenza might survive for around 12 hours on some materials, but this was in laboratory-based conditions.

Can I get the flu by shaking the hand of someone who’s sick?
Direct human contact is more likely to transmit the virus, yes.

What are the best ways to avoid contracting the flu?
Avoid contact with people who are sick, always get the flu vaccine and practice good health habits like washing your hands regularly.

Is there an ideal time to get the flu vaccine?
Typically, flu season affects Australia from June to September, with the peak being August. The best time to get a flu shot is anytime you can. Waiting for the ‘perfect’ time could cause you to procrastinate and miss the benefit of a yearly vaccination against the flu.

What should I do if I contract the flu?
Always limit contact with people when you suspect you have the flu to decrease the chances of infecting anyone else. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. Stay home and rest, and seek medical attention if needed. 

What is the difference between the flu and a cold?
The flu and the common cold are both respiratory illnesses but they are caused by very different viruses. Because these two types of illnesses have similar symptoms, it can be difficult to tell the difference between them based on symptoms alone. In general, the flu is worse than the common cold, and symptoms are more intense. Colds are usually milder than the flu.

---

Protect yourself, your family and your colleagues from the highly contagious influenza virus by taking part in Macquarie’s 2018 flu shot program. Free flu shots are available to all full-time, part-time and casual Macquarie staff. Book your free flu shot appointment now.